Uma Breve Revisão Sobre as Tecnologias de Segurança de Reatores Nucleares / A Brief Review of Nuclear Reactor Safety Technologies
Resumo
A Energia Nuclear, reconhecida por seu papel crucial na matriz energética global, evoluiu significativamente desde sua origem nos anos 1930. Este artigo explora os avanços tecnológicos e as inovações que moldaram a engenharia nuclear, com destaque para as gerações de reatores III+ e IV, caracterizadas por melhorias em segurança e sustentabilidade. Além disso, aborda os desafios enfrentados, incluindo acidentes históricos e o estigma associado, bem como as estratégias tecnológicas e educacionais empregadas para superar essas barreiras. Por meio de uma análise abrangente, são discutidos os avanços termo-hidráulicos e as aplicações futuras, incluindo a potencial contribuição da energia nuclear para a descarbonização e sustentabilidade energética.
Palavras-chave: Energia Nuclear. Tipos de Reatores Nucleares. Segurança. Inovações. Aplicações.
ABSTRACT
Nuclear energy, recognized for its critical role in the global energy matrix, has significantly evolved since its inception in the 1930s. This article explores the technological advancements and innovations shaping nuclear engineering, focusing on Generation III+ and IV reactors, characterized by enhanced safety and sustainability. Additionally, it addresses challenges such as historical accidents and associated stigma, as well as the technological and educational strategies employed to overcome these barriers. Through comprehensive analysis, the paper discusses thermohydraulic advancements and future applications, including nuclear energy's potential contribution to decarbonization and sustainable energy solutions.
Keywords: Nuclear Energy. Types of Nuclear Reactors. Safety. Innovation. Applications.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/2025.22.6.6
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