Prática de Exercício Físico e Sua Relação com a Doença do Coronavírus (Covid-19) / Physical Exercise and its Relationship to Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)

Resumen

A Doença do Coronavírus 2019 (Covid-19) teve grande impacto na sociedade a partir de março de 2020 e o exercício físico foi um fator com efeito protetor na multiplicação do vírus e progressão da infecção. O objetivo foi verificar a relação entre a infecção pela Covid-19 e a prática de exercício físico, considerando comorbidades e aspectos sociodemográficos na população adulta. Participaram 132 adultos de 18 a 70 anos, de ambos os sexos, infectados ou não pelo SARS-CoV-2 durante a pandemia. Os participantes responderam a um questionário on-line (Google Forms) com perguntas sobre a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, prática de exercícios, doenças crônicas e dados sociodemográficos. Entre os participantes, 25 (19%) tiveram a Covid-19; 92 (70%) não tiveram e 15 (11%) não souberam afirmar. Entre os que tiveram a Covid-19, cinco tinham 41 a 50 anos e seis tinham 51 a 60 anos. Apenas duas pessoas entre 51 a 60 anos precisaram de hospitalização. Sobre os praticantes de exercício físico, 72% não tiveram Covid-19 e 11% não souberam afirmar. Entre não praticantes de exercício físico, 21% tiveram a doença. Sobre as doenças crônicas, entre os que tiveram Covid-19, as mais citadas foram hipertensão arterial (seis pessoas), dislipidemia (cinco), asma (quatro), diabetes (quatro) e obesidade (quatro). O exercício físico evidenciou potencial efeito preventivo em relação à infecção da Covid-19, uma vez que, aproximadamente, 75% dos praticantes não tiveram a infecção. O exercício físico pode ter tido um papel protetor para os infectados, visto que nenhum dos praticantes necessitou de internação.

Palavras-chave: Atividade Física. Treinamento. Vírus. Doença Crônica. Doença Infecciosa.

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) had a substantial impact on society beginning in March 2020, and physical exercise has been identified as a factor with a protective effect against viral replication and disease progression. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Covid-19 infection and physical exercise practice, considering comorbidities and sociodemographic aspects in the adult population. A total of 132 adults aged 18 to 70 years, of both sexes, either infected or not infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, participated in the study. Participants completed an online questionnaire (Google Forms) containing questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection, physical exercise practice, chronic diseases, and sociodemographic data. Among the participants, 25 (19%) reported having had Covid-19, 92 (70%) reported not having been infected, and 15 (11%) were unsure. Among those who had Covid-19, five were aged 41 to 50 years and six were aged 51 to 60 years. Only two participants aged 51 to 60 years required hospitalization. Regarding physical exercise practice, 72% of physically active participants did not have Covid-19, and 11% were unsure of prior infection. In contrast, among physically inactive participants, 21% reported having had the disease. With respect to chronic conditions among participants who had Covid-19, the most frequently reported were arterial hypertension (six individuals), dyslipidemia (five), asthma (four), diabetes mellitus (four), and obesity (four). Physical exercise demonstrated a potential preventive effect against Covid-19 infection, as approximately 75% of physically active participants were not infected. Moreover, physical exercise may have played a protective role among infected individuals, since none of the physically active participants required hospitalization.

Keywords: Physical Activity. Training. Virus. Chronic Disease. Infectious Disease.