Conciliação Medicamentosa no Âmbito Hospitalar: Uma Revisão de Revisões / Medication Reconciliation in the Hospital Environment: A Review of Reviews
Resumo
Objetivo: Reunir revisões sistemáticas que abordam a descrição do serviço de conciliação medicamentosa (CM) no cuidado ao paciente hospitalizado. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e Cochrane Library. Resultados: Foram incluídas seis revisões sistemáticas. Grande parte das revisões incluídas descreveu a conciliação medicamentosa ofertada de forma habitual, enquanto em outras os profissionais utilizam sistemas informatizados (CM eletrônica). Foi observado que o tempo gasto para obtenção do histórico medicamentoso pode ser influenciado por diversos fatores, o que justificou as variações encontradas nas revisões. Contudo, o tempo gasto para realizar esse serviço precisa ser mais bem estudado para garantir sua eficiência. Pacientes de alto risco ou do setor de emergência e trauma receberam o serviço de CM. Esse foi ofertado em sua maioria por farmacêuticos, sendo que esses profissionais atuaram em todas as etapas de cuidado ao paciente (admissão, transferência entre diferentes setores dentro do hospital, alta hospitalar). Discrepâncias e erros de medicação foram os desfechos avaliados na maioria das revisões, além de taxas de readmissão, visitas ao setor de emergência e mortalidade. Conclusão: Os achados da presente revisão demonstraram que o serviço de CM diminuiu a frequência dos desfechos avaliados. Dessa forma, fica evidente a necessidade de realizar esse serviço durante as transições de cuidado para garantir a segurança do paciente. Ademais, a conciliação medicamentosa corrobora a mitigação de discrepâncias de medicamentos não intencionais e erros de medicação, além dos subsequentes danos decorrentes dos erros de medicação.
Palavras-chave: Uso de Medicamentos. Reconciliação de Medicamentos. Cuidado Transicional.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To gather systematic reviews that address the description of the medication reconciliation (MR) service in hospitalized patient care. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, whose bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Results: Six systematic reviews were included. Most of the included reviews described the medication reconciliation offered on a regular basis, while others use computerized systems (electronic MR). It was observed that the time spent to obtain the medication history can be influenced by several factors, which justified the variations found in the reviews. However, the time spent to perform this service needs to be better studied to ensure its efficiency. High-risk or emergency and trauma department patients received the MR service. This was offered mostly by pharmacists, and these professionals worked in all stages of patient care (admission, transfer between different sectors within the hospital, hospital discharge). Discrepancies and medication errors were the outcomes evaluated in most reviews, in addition to readmission rates, emergency department visits, and mortality. Conclusion: The findings of the present review demonstrated that the MR service reduced the frequency of the assessed outcomes. Thus, the need to perform this service during care transitions to ensure patient safety is evident. In addition, medication reconciliation supports the mitigation of unintentional medication discrepancies and medication errors, in addition to the subsequent harm resulting from medication errors.
Keywords: Drug Utilization. Medication Reconciliation. Transitional Care.
Palavras-chave
Referências
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/rsf.2023.10.1.3
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Revista Saúde em Foco N° 1/2014