Práticas de Manejo e seu Impacto no Bem-estar de Suínos em Sistemas de Produção Intensiva / Management Practices and their Impact on Pig Welfare in Intensive Production Systems
Resumo
O sistema de produção de suínos ao redor do mundo segue majoritariamente o modelo industrial confinado desde o fim da segunda guerra mundial. A ciência do bem-estar está em constante evolução e o seu desenvolvimento auxilia na criação de estratégias que melhoram a qualidade de vida dos suínos submetidos ao sistema de produção intensivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o impacto das práticas de manejo nos sistemas de produção intensiva de suínos sobre o bem-estar animal, propondo alternativas que minimizem os efeitos negativos e garantam maior qualidade de vida para os animais sem comprometer a eficiência produtiva. Utilizou-se a metodologia bibliográfica para explorar as práticas de manejo e seu impacto no bem-estar dos suínos em sistemas de produção intensiva. Foi utilizado as bases de dados acadêmicas, como Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. A superlotação e a ausência de enriquecimento ambiental agravam a agressividade e os conflitos entre os animais, o que compromete o bem-estar coletivo. Para mitigar os efeitos adversos dos sistemas intensivos sobre o bem-estar dos suínos, diversas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas e implementadas nas granjas. Os indicadores fisiológicos são fundamentais para avaliar o bem-estar dos suínos, pois fornecem dados objetivos sobre as condições internas dos animais em resposta ao ambiente de produção. As avaliações comportamentais, fisiológicas, ligadas à sanidade e à produção, quando associadas, constituem ferramentas eficientes no julgamento do bem-estar dos animais.
Palavras-chave: Produção. Suíno. Intensivo. Manejo. Bem-Estar.
ABSTRACT
The pig production system around the world has mostly followed the confined industrial model since the end of World War II. The science of welfare is constantly evolving and its development helps in the creation of strategies that improve the quality of life of pigs subjected to intensive production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of management practices in intensive pig production systems on animal welfare, proposing alternatives that minimize the negative effects and ensure a better quality of life for the animals without compromising production efficiency. Bibliographic methodology was used to explore management practices and their impact on pig welfare in intensive production systems. Academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used. Overcrowding and the lack of environmental enrichment aggravate aggression and conflicts between animals, which compromises collective well-being. To mitigate the adverse effects of intensive systems on pig welfare, several technologies have been developed and implemented on farms. Physiological indicators are essential for assessing pig welfare, as they provide objective data on the internal conditions of animals in response to the production environment. Behavioral, physiological, health and production assessments, when combined, constitute efficient tools for assessing animal welfare.
Keywords: Production. Pig. Intensive. Management. Welfare.
Palavras-chave
Referências
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE PROTEÍNA ANIMAL. (2024). Disponível em: https://abpa-br.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ABPA-Relatorio-Anual-2024
BAHR, C. et al. Precision livestock farming to monitor animal welfare: a framework for developing real-time tools. Biosystems Engineering, v. 201, p. 22-37, 2021.
BERCKMANS, Daniel. Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems. Revue Scientifique et Technique, v. 36, n. 1, p. 189-196, 2017.
BONNEAU, Michel; WEILER, Ulrike. Pros and cons of alternatives to piglet castration: Welfare, boar taint, and other meat quality traits. Animals, v. 9, n. 11, p. 884, 2019.
BRASIL. Instrução Normativa nº 56, de 6 de novembro de 2008. Estabelece os procedimentos para o transporte de animais. Brasília: MAPA, 2008.
BROOM, Donald M. Welfare Assessment and Relevant Ethical Decisions: Key Concepts. 4. ed. Cambridge: CABI Publishing, 2008.
CARR, Jessica; ALTIERI, Andrew. The relationship between livestock intensification and welfare: a historical perspective. Animal Welfare Science Journal, v. 9, n. 4, p. 211-221, 2014.
DE BOER, Jan M.; HOOGENKAMP, Joost H.; KOOP, Gerrit. Enrichment as a welfare improvement strategy in commercial pig production: Meta-analysis of effects on behaviour and productivity. Livestock Science, v. 237, p. 104029, 2020.
DEWEY, Catherine et al. Effects of feeder design and stocking density on the welfare of pigs in the grow-finishing phase. Animal Welfare, v. 27, p. 249-260, 2018.
EUROPEAN UNION. Directive 2008/120/EC: Minimum standards for the protection of pigs. Official Journal of the European Union, 2008.
FRASER, David; BROOM, Donald M. Farm animal behaviour and welfare. 3. ed. London: CABI Publishing, 2007.
GONYOU, Harold W. The social behavior of pigs. Pig News and Information, v. 22, n. 3, p. 47-54, 2001.
GODYŃ, D., NOWICKI, J., & HERBUT, P. Effects of environmental enrichment on pig. Welfare - a review. Animals, 9 (6), p. 383, 2019.
GRANDIN, Temple. Behavioral principles of livestock handling. 4. ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019.
GREGORY, Neville G. Animal Welfare and Meat Science. 2. ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2008.
HERSKIN, Mette S. et al. Cortical responses to somatosensory stimulation in pigs undergoing tail docking. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, v. 3, p. 1-11, 2016.
HÖTZEL, Maria J. et al. We need to talk about the meaning of "welfare": Perspectives of Brazilian pig farmers, agricultural technicians, and veterinary agents. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, v. 8, p. 637743, 2021.
LUDTKE, C. L.; PELOSO, J. V.; DALLA-COSTA, O. A.; ROHR, S. A.; DALLA-COSTA, F. A. Bem-estar animal na produção de suínos – frigorífico. Brasília: SEBRAE, 2016.
MELHADO, David A. et al. Stress and well-being of swine in intensive production systems: Current challenges. Journal of Applied Animal Research, v. 48, n. 1, p. 150-159, 2020.
MOBERG, Gary P. Biological responses to stress: Implications for animal welfare. Animal Welfare, v. 9, p. 421-430, 2000.
MÜLLER, Ralph et al. Precision livestock farming applications for monitoring the behavior of pigs in intensive systems. Livestock Science, v. 246, p. 104383, 2022.
OIE – Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Paris: OIE, 2021.
PETER, Renaldo et al. Individual feed intake monitoring in pigs using non-invasive technologies: Current status and future perspectives. Journal of Animal Science, v. 98, n. 7, p. 2439-2448, 2020.
PETERSEN, Heidi; VELLEMAN, Sandra G. Skeletal muscle growth and development in pigs: Insights from cellular and molecular biology. Animal Science Journal, v. 91, n. 2, p. 217-226, 2020.
PIERCE, Emily L.; PEREIRA, Augusto M.; BERGERON, Roger. Livestock production systems and their environmental impacts: A review. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 10, p. 4551, 2010.
PRUNIER, Armelle et al. Influence of castration, RUSHEN, Jeffrey; DE PASSILLÉ, Anne Marie B. The importance of good stockmanship and its benefits for the animals. Animal Welfare, v. 21, p. 219-222, 2012.
SCHRÖDER-PETERSEN, Diana L.; SIMONSEN, Henrik B. Tail biting in pigs. Veterinary Journal, v. 162, n. 3, p. 196-210, 2001.
SCHWARTZKOPF-GENSWEIN, Karen S. et al. Road transport and welfare of farm animals. Animal Welfare, v. 21, p. 215-218, 2012.
TAYLOR, Neil R. et al. Tail-biting: A new perspective. Veterinary Journal, v. 186, n. 2, p. 137-147, 2010.
VOSS, Andreas et al. Antibiotic use in intensive livestock farming: A review of legislation and public health concerns. Lancet Infectious Diseases, v. 15, n. 5, p. 557-564, 2015.
WELFARE QUALITY. Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for pigs. Welfare Quality® Consortium, Lelystad, Netherlands, 2018.
ZONDERLAND, J. J. et al. Effects of environmental enrichment and loose housing of lactating sows on piglet performance before and after weaning. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, v. 124, n. 1-2, p. 96-103, 2010.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/rsf.2024.11.2.1
Apontamentos
- Não há apontamentos.
Revista Saúde em Foco N° 1/2014