Avaliação Comparativa da Pesquisa de Hematozoários em Coletas de Ponta de Orelha e Sangue Total de Bovinos Leiteiros / Comparative Evaluation of Hematozoid Detection in Ear Tip Samples and Whole Blood of Dairy Cattle
Resumo
A investigação de hemoparasitoses em bovinos leiteiros demanda técnicas diagnósticas eficazes, porém existem poucos estudos comparativos sobre métodos de coleta, especialmente no Nordeste brasileiro. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar a eficácia dos métodos de coleta de ponta de orelha e sangue total na detecção de hematozoários em bovinos leiteiros na microrregião de Teresina-PI. Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal analítico envolvendo 100 bovinos leiteiros distribuídos em propriedades de cinco municípios, entre outubro de 2024 e abril de 2025. Para cada animal, realizaram-se duas coletas sanguíneas (veia jugular e ponta de orelha), com confecção de esfregaços analisados por microscopia óptica. A ocorrência geral de hemoparasitas foi de 9% para Anaplasma, 1% para Babesia e 1% para Trypanosoma, com distribuição heterogênea entre municípios (p=0,0066) e propriedades (p=0,0238). A análise comparativa revelou baixa concordância entre os métodos (Kappa=-0,0417; p=0,657), com o método de ponta de orelha apresentando maior sensibilidade para Anaplasma (66,7% vs 33,3%) e Babesia (100% vs 0%), enquanto o sangue total foi mais eficaz para Trypanosoma (100% vs 0%). Os resultados demonstram que cada técnica identifica populações distintas de animais positivos.
Palavras-chave: Tristeza Parasitária. Microscopia Sanguínea. Epidemiologia. Clínica de Bovinos.
ABSTRACT
The investigation of hemoparasitoses in dairy cattle requires effective diagnostic techniques; however, there are few comparative studies on sampling methods, especially in Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of ear tip and whole blood sampling methods in detecting hematozoa in dairy cattle in the microregion of Teresina-PI. An analytical cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 100 dairy cattle distributed across farms in five municipalities, from October 2024 to April 2025. For each animal, two blood samples were collected (jugular vein and ear tip), and blood smears were prepared and analyzed by optical microscopy. The overall occurrence of hemoparasites was 9% for Anaplasma, 1% for Babesia, and 1% for Trypanosoma, with heterogeneous distribution among municipalities (p=0.0066) and farms (p=0.0238). Comparative analysis revealed low agreement between the methods (Kappa = -0.0417; p = 0.657), with the ear tip method showing higher sensitivity for Anaplasma (66.7% vs 33.3%) and Babesia (100% vs 0%), while whole blood was more effective for Trypanosoma (100% vs 0%). The results demonstrate that each technique identifies distinct populations of positive animals.
Keywords: Bovine Parasitic Disease. Blood Microscopy. Epidemiology. Bovine Clinical Practice.
Palavras-chave
Referências
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/rsf.2024.11.3.1
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Revista Saúde em Foco N° 1/2014