Body Image of Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Predictive Models / Imagem Corporal de Gestantes: Uma Revisão Sistemática de Modelos Preditivos

Solange Riveli de Oliveira; Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho; Ricardo Teixeira Veiga

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<line> Centro Unv*rsitário Santo Agostinho </line>

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<line> www*.fsanet.com.*r/revista </line>

<line> I*SN Impresso: 180*-6356 ISSN *letrô*ico: 2317-2983 </line>

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<line> Body *mage of Pregnant Women: A Systema*i* Review of *re*ictiv* *odels </line>

<line> Imagem C**poral de Ges*antes: Uma Re*isão *i*temática *e Modelos Pre**tivo* </line>

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<line> Solange R*vel* de Oli*e*ra </line>

<line> Dout*rado pela Universid*de *ederal de Minas ***ais </line>

<line> Mestr* em Administraç*o pela Uni*ersidade Fe*eral de Lavras </line>

<line> Pr*fe*sora da Univers*dade Fede*al *e Juiz de **ra </line>

<line> E-mai*: so*angeriveli.*l**eira@ufj*.edu.br </line>

<line> Pedro Henr*q*e Berbert *e Carvalho </line>

<line> D*utor em Psicologi* pel* Universidad* Fed*ra* de Ju*z de Fora </line>

<line> P*of*s*or da Univ*rsi*ade Federal de *uiz de Fora </line>

<line> E-mail: pedro.berbert@*fjf.edu.br </line>

<line> Ricar*o *e*x*ir* Veig* </line>

<line> Dou**r em Administraç*o *ela U*iversidad* Federal ** M*nas Gerais </line>

<line> Professor da *niver*i*ade Feder** d* Min*s Gerais </line>

<line> *-mail: ricar**.necc@gma*l.com </line>

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<line> En*ereço: Sol*nge R*veli de Ol*veira </line>

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<line> Un*versi*ade </line>

<line> Feder** de </line>

<line> Instituto </line>

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<line> Ci*n*ias Sociais Aplicad*s, *ampus </line>

<line> G*vernad** </line>

<line> Edito*-Chefe: Dr. Tonny Kerley *e Alen**r </line>

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<line> Valadares - Av. Doutor Rai*undo Mon*eiro Rezende, </line>

<line> Rodrigues </line>

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<line> 3*0, Cent*o, *overnado* Valadare*/MG,B*a*il. </line>

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<line> E*dereço: Pedro *enrique Berbert de Ca*valho </line>

<line> Art*go r*c*bido e* 28/04/2020. Última ver*ão </line>

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<line> Univers*da** </line>

<line> Federa* de </line>

<line> recebida em 1*/05/2*20. Aprovado em 1*/05/2020. </line>

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<line> Ciências *a **da, *ampus Gov*rnador Vala*are* - Rua </line>

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<line> Manoel B*rro, 241, Vil* Bretas, </line>

<line> Governador </line>

<line> Avaliado *el* si*tema Triple Review: Desk Revi*w a) </line>

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<line> Val*dar*s/MG, Brasil. </line>

<line> pelo Editor-Che*e; e b) Double *lin* Review </line>

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<line> En*ereço: Ricardo Teixeira Veiga </line>

<line> (*valiação **ga por dois avaliadores da áre*). </line>

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<line> U**ve*sidade F**era* de *i**s Gerais, F*culda*e de </line>

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<line> Ciên*ias Econômi*a*, Depart*mento de Ciências </line>

<line> Revisã*: G*a*atical, Norm*tiva e de Format*ç** </line>

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<line> A*m**istrativas - A*. Antônio Carlos, 66*7 - 4*. anda* - </line>

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<line> sala 404*, Pampulha, *elo Hor*zonte/MG, Brasil. </line>

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<line> S. R. Oliveira, P. H. B. Carval**, R. T. Veiga </line>

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<line> Body is an integral pa*t *f an exis*ing socio*u*t*ral context, which shapes how i* is value* </line>

<line> (F*gueiredo et al., 2014; G*ldenbe*g & *amos, 2007). During pregnan*y wo*en re-evalu*te </line>

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<line> *heir appea*ance-relat*d value* t* ad**t to </line>

<line> *h*i* *hangin* bod* (F**ler-*ysz*i*wicz, </line>

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<line> *kout*ris, Watson, & *i**, 2013). Th* aim is *o condu** a *ystematic *eview of the literature </line>

<line> t* analyze predictive models involv*ng body image in pregnant wo*en. This research adhered </line>

<line> to the Pr*ferre* Reporting Items for S*stematic *evi*ws and *e*a-Ana*yses guideline - </line>

<line> PRISMA (**her, *iberati, Te*zlaff J, et al., 2*09). The search strategy included an onl**e </line>

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<line> search </line>

<line> of the fol*owing electronic da*abase*: Scopus, Web of Scie*ce and PubMed. After </line>

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<line> applying a*l exclu*ion *equirements, 13 articl*s were c*nsidered e*igible. Som* vari*bles *ere </line>

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<line> ex*austively </line>

<line> evaluated w*th </line>

<line> pregant body ima*e s*ch as self-est*em, depression and </line>

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<line> ge*tational we*ght. Many theor*tical studies </line>

<line> *nd predictive mode** applied inst*uments </line>

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<line> devel*ped and adapted from o*h*r popu*a*ions. </line>

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<line> Keywords: Body Im*ge. System*tic review. Pregna*cy. P*e**ctive Models. </line>

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<line> O c*rpo é part* integr*nte de um contexto soci*cu*t*ral *xistente, </line>

<line> *ue molda como ele * </line>

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<line> va*oriz*do (Figueire*o e* al., 20*4; Golden*er* & Ramos, 2007). </line>

<line> Dura**e gestaç**, a as </line>

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<line> mulheres r*a*aliam seus *alo*es **lacionados à apa*ê*cia para se adaptar às mud*nças </line>

<line> corpor*is (Fuller-Tys*kiewicz, *kouteris, W*ts*n, & Hi*l, 2013). * objetivo é re*lizar *ma </line>

<line> revisão sistemá*ica d* li*era*ura para ana*isar mo*elos *r*ditivos env*l*en*o *mage* </line>

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<line> corporal *m gestant*s. Esta p*squisa se*uiu as diretrizes de </line>

<line> it*ns de relat*rio pref*renciais </line>

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<line> para revisõe* *istemática* e meta-an*lises - PRISMA (Moher, Liberati, Tetzla*f J, et </line>

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<line> 200*). A estr**ég*a de busca incl*iu uma p***uisa o*-line </line>

<line> nas *eguintes bases el*trôn*c*s: </line>

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<line> Scopu*, W*b o* Sci*nce e *u*Med. Após a aplicação os requisit*s </line>

<line> de exclusão, </line>

<line> 1* *rtigos </line>

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<line> foram con*iderados el*gív*is. Alg**a* variáveis, *omo autoe*tima, </line>

<line> depressão * pe*o </line>

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<line> gestacional foram avali*das *requen*emente com a </line>

<line> *magem corp**al da ge*tante. Mu*tos </line>

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<line> es*udos teóricos e </line>

<line> modelos predit*vos ap**caram instr*mento* d***n*o*vido* e *dapta*os de </line>

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<line> outras *opu*aç**s. </line>

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<line> Palavras-*haves: Imagem Corporal. Revisão *is*em*tica. Gravidez. Modelos Predi*ivos. </line>

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<line> Rev. FSA, *eresina, v. 17, n. 9, art. 2, p. 2*-4*, se*. 202* </line>

<line> www4.fsane*.co*.br/r*v**ta </line>

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<line> Body Image o* P*egnant Women: A Syste*atic Review of Predi*ti*e *odels </line>

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<line> 1 IN*RODUCTIO* </line>

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<line> *ev*r*l areas, suc* a* Psychology, Socio*ogy, *****opolog*, </line>

<line> among others, have </line>

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<line> cont*ibuted for the understanding about bo** image cons**u*t. In spi*e of the c*nc*ptu*l **d </line>

<line> meth*d*logica* *ifficulti*s, the number of body im*ge researc**s h*v* inc*eased between the </line>

<line> *nd of the 2*th ce*tury and the **rst decade o* the 21st cen*ury (Ferrei*a, Ca*tr*, & M*rg*do, </line>

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<line> particu**r*y by the direct *n* *ignifi*ant </line>

<line> r*lat*onship *etwe** </line>

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<line> ne**tive outcomes for he*lth and *ua*ity of lif*. In this field, so*e specific *opulations *a*e </line>

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<line> r*cei*ed notor*ous i*terest from r**e**chers, w*ich is the case of </line>

<line> p*egnan* wom*n (Laus et </line>

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<line> al., *014; Me*r*le*, *eves, *arvalho, & Ferreira, 201*). </line>

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<line> Neg*tive body imag* o* pre*nant **men have be*n asso**ated **th depre*s*ve </line>

<line> *y*ptoms and poor self-e*teem (Kamysheva, S**u*eris, *er*hei*, Pa*ton, & Milgrom, </line>

<line> *00*); an* reduc*ion ** *re-natal *ttachment ( *ris*anous, Richard, & Gazley, 2014). </line>

<line> Regarding consumpt*on st*dies, body (Valentim, Falcão, & Ca*pos, 2017) and more </line>

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<line> spec*fically </line>

<line> pregnant bod* image is *f interest for con*um**ion stu*i*s (Kris*anous e* al., </line>

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<line> A*th*u*h *ome r*cent stu*ies *a*e ide*tified variable* associated wi*h bod* *mage ** </line>

<line> p*egn**t women (*o*lings, H*ll, & Skouteris, 201*; Ha*, Bre*is, & *utic*, 20*6; Hartley, </line>

<line> McPhie, Fuller-Tyszkie*icz, **i*ny Hill, & Helen Sk*u*eris, 2016; **iony Hill, Skoute*is, </line>

<line> Fuller-Ty*zkiewicz, Kothe, & **Phie, 20*6; W*t*on, Fu*ler-Tys*ki*w*cz, Broa*bent, & </line>

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<line> Skouteris, 20*7) there ** a lack o* *ore s*ecific and *p*ropriat* body </line>

<line> image *easures </line>

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<line> (M*ir*les, Neves, *arvalho, & *erre*r*, 2*15; Watso* et al., 2017) a*d mod*ls to capture as </line>

<line> experiences o* this audien*e i* whi*h bo*y shape an* appea*ance *hange substantially over a </line>

<line> relati*e*y short perio* (Kamysheva et al., 2*08). </line>

<line> Thu*, *his s*udy aimed to con*uct * syste**tic review of the l*ter*ture an* *o analyze </line>

<line> pr*dictive mo*els involving *o*y image in pr*gna*t **men. </line>

<line> 2 THE*RETICAL FRAMEWOR* </line>

<line> For *any, the body i* nei**er s*cial nor public, *ut rath*r pri*atehu* i* *akes more </line>

<line> sense that it is studied by the phy*iologica* or biolo*ical *ciences. H*w*ver, *esides be*ng </line>

<line> stud*ed *y suc* *cie*ces, it is obs*rved *ha* *he bod* i* of intere*t o* the studies of society. </line>

<line> Rev. FSA, Teresina PI, v. 17, *. *, a*t. 2, p. 27-47, s*t. *020 w*w4.fsanet.com.br/rev*sta </line>

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<line> S. R. Olivei*a, P. H. B. *a*val**, R. *. Veiga </line>

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<line> As some**in* social, th* *o*y i*t*rests co*sum*t*on a*d mov*s a great *ndust*y of </line>

<line> products and serv*ces. However, it *s import*nt to point ou* that the b*dy is als* a place ** </line>

<line> consumption, as *ong *s products *nd services are u*ed to build i*, being **e body the vehicle </line>

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<line> that allows a material interaction o* *he </line>

<line> in*ivi*ual *ith society (Figueiredo al., 20*4; Le et </line>

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<line> *reton, 2007; Oliveira & Ayrosa, 2016; Val*nti* et *l., 20*7). </line>

<line> In *he socia* sciences, one of t** more ***ious wa*s of seeing th* *od* is being </line>

<line> sur*ounded by th* culture of cons*mption (Goldenb*rg, 2005; Gol*enbe*g & Ramos, 2007; </line>

<line> Sh*lling, 200*; Ton*ni & Sauerbro*n, 2013), for i*ages of a sexy an* thin wom*n bo*y, by </line>

<line> social media and *dverti*in*. *oc*ocultu*al *deals are rei*for*ed and reflected on **e means of </line>

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<line> communica*io* (Cash, </line>

<line> 2011; Xavier, Xavier, & *omes, 2*15). Accor*in*ly to Clark et a*. </line>

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<line> (20*9) body image is an internal repre*entat*on o* o*e\s ou**r appe*r*nc*, and </line>

<line> include* </line>

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<line> *ognitive, perceptual, *nd *ttitudinal componen*s *nd it is strongly </line>

<line> infl**n*e* by socio- </line>

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<line> c**tural *ources (Thomps*n, H*inberg, A*tabe, & Tantl*ff-Du*n, 1999). In this sense, a lot of </line>

<line> interest has been noticed by *he *eopl* that s*e* to impro*e t*eir own appearanc* (Shilli**, </line>

<line> The body see*s *o prov*de a firm base *or rebuild*ng a tr*stworth* sense of self in th* </line>

<line> wor*d. *ur*hermore, the *h*pes, more *nd more reflexive of t*e way people relate with *he*r </line>

<line> bo*ie*, can be seen *s one of th* char*cteristics and the bo*y sy*bolizes the self in * mo*ent </line>

<line> in whi*h v*lue is placed in the young, a*paren* and sexual body (Le Breton, 2007; Oliv*ira & </line>

<line> Ayrosa, 201*; S*il*ing, 2006). Thus, con*um*tion gain* sp*ce for this bod* to sh** u*. "*he </line>

<line> rhetoric of the soul is re*laced by that of *he body under the moral aegis of *on*umption" (*e </line>

<line> Breton, 2007, p. 84). </line>

<line> 2.2 Pregnant bod* and Pre*iou* System**ic R*views </line>

<line> Bo*y *mage mi*ht *e co*sidered a k*y aspec* o* th* pre*nancy experienc* (Walker, </line>

<line> Cooney, & R*ggs, 1999). During pregnancy, *o*en r*-evalua*e th*ir ap*earance-*elated </line>

<line> v*l*es to adapt to their changing bod* (Fu*l*r-Ty*zkiewicz, Skout*ris, Watson, & Hi*l, 2*1*). </line>

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<line> Th* pre*sur* *o a*hieve an i*eal *hysical </line>

<line> appearanc* forces many individual* *o </line>

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<line> engage i* a process of re*uil***g and man*pu*ating their own bod* (Pereir* & Ayrosa, 201*), </line>

<line> whi*h is *ot *iffere*t for *he pregnant body, s*ightly pregnant (Bra*ão, 2011). </line>

<line> *omen o* the threshold of beco*ing mothers and new mothers c*ange the p*actices </line>

<line> of consum*tion when the* mee* the*e ne* "needs", rest**ctions and adv*ce related to </line>

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<line> Bo*y Image of Pregnant W*men: A Systemati* Revie* o* *re*ict*ve Mo**ls </line>

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<line> pregnancy. W*men **negotiate their patterns of consump*ion to make materni*y "responsib*e" </line>

<line> (Gram, Hohn*n, & Pedersen, 20*7). </line>

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<line> *regnancy *een a* * role t*a* empha*izes </line>

<line> the importance of r*p*o****ion a*d as </line>

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<line> "transient" and "u*ique" ex*er*ence, provides cont*xt to *h*s adjustment process, as b* </line>

<line> al*owing wo*en ** tra*sition through physica* chan*e* experience over cult*rally *efin*d </line>

<line> beauty, wom*n *re **kely *o ex*erience unchanged or even improved bo*y ima*e during </line>

<line> preg*ancy (D*vies & Wardle, 19**). </line>

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<line> In *012, Fuller-Tys*kiewicz et al. (20*3) performed a systematic </line>

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<line> literature focusing on th* b*dy d*ssati*faction during pregnan*y. They sea*ched for total of 8 </line>

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<line> e**ctronic da*abases, in which 251 papers were ident*fied. After a full text scru*iny of </line>

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<line> articles (which *et inclusion criteria) *he fin*l list of revi*w*d ***ers *esu*ted in 22 *rticles. </line>

<line> Searches included the keywords "body ima*e" c*oss-referenced with "pr*gn*ncy", </line>

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<line> "gestation", </line>

<line> "woman", </line>

<line> "women", </line>

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<line> *ind the*re*ical models, bu* correlates of </line>

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<line> body diss*tisfa*ti*n during pregnan*y. </line>

<line> Zaltzm*n *t al. (20*5) review the exi*ting literature on body image in adol*scen* </line>

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<line> preg*ancy. F*r it, *earch terms *ncluded "*do*escent," "pregnancy" an* </line>

<line> "body image". The </line>

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<line> search yie*ded * *otal of 149 s*udi*s, of w*ic* s*x *ere *e*evant to the s*ecific topic **d age </line>

<line> g*oup. **e aim was to r*view lite*ature of body im*ge in ad*lesce*t pregnancy and explore </line>

<line> con*e**s about th* relat*onship b*twee* t*e two. Therefore, confining th* re***ts to samples </line>

<line> of adol*scents and the relat*o*ship bet*een the *wo con*t**ct*. More rec*ntly, Me*reles et al. </line>

<line> (20*5) con***ted an i*tegrative review o* image an* body dissatisf*ction *n **egnant women. </line>

<line> The *uthor* s*ggest that the c*ntradi*tions in t*e findings may be r*lated to differences in the </line>

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<line> *nstruments used to measure *he body image of *regnan* women. F*nal*y, Sun et </line>

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<line> effect size betwee* p*ysical *ctiv*ty *nd body image dis*atisfaction </line>

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<line> among *regna*t women i* fo*r databases and only fo*r cohort *tudi*s *et eligi*ility *rit*ria </line>

<line> of 1,701 articles fo*n* (1,3*2 were scr*ened *or the *itle and abstract review, *he*, 22 full-text </line>

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<line> *t*dies *ere rev*ew*d). Th*y are interesting i* relationships an* moderator </line>

<line> var*ables about </line>

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<line> *mage and physi*a* activity among *regnant wom*n, th*refore, lim*ting ** aspects of </line>

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<line> physical acti*ity. </line>

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<par>

<line> Rev. FSA, *eresi** PI, v. 1*, n. 9, art. 2, p. 27-47, s*t. 2020 </line>

<line> www4.fsa*et.com.br/revista </line>

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<line> S. R. Oliveira, P. H. B. C*rvalho, R. T. Veiga </line>

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<line> 3 METHOD </line>

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<par>

<line> Systematic review have become of gr**t im**rtance for health care *ys**m (Moh*r, </line>

<line> Liberati, Tetzlaff J, et al., 2009). This research methodology was chose* in *h* cur*ent study </line>

<line> as th* m*ans of est*bli*hing a baseline study of the liter*ture on predictive model of ne*ative </line>

<line> *o*y *mage of pre*na*t women. For this pur*ose, this res**rch used *h* Preferred *epor**ng </line>

<line> Items for Systema*i* Reviews and Meta-Analyse* gui*eline - PRISMA (Moher, Libera*i, </line>

<line> Tet*laff, et *l., 2009). T*e present study was carried out in October 2018 using the following </line>

<line> da*abases: Scopus (arti*le titl*, ab*tract, *n* *ey *ord*), Web of Science (topic) and PubMed </line>

<line> (al* fiel*s). In order t* enc*mp*s* a significant amount of scie*tif*c *ro*ucti**, it *as chosen </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> to c*mbin* *iffere*t </line>

<line> terms i*de*ed in t*e thesaurus Health Sci*n** Descriptors (Des*rit*res </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> de Ciên*ias em Saúde - DeCS) and/or in *he *ed*cal Subject Headings (M*SH). Specif*c </line>

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<par>

<line> descript*rs were used </line>

<line> according to PICOS: * (popu*ation), "*reg*ancy" OR "pregn**t"; I </line>

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<line> (inter*ent*on), "tripartite *odel" OR "model"; C (c*mparator), no d*script*r; O (outco**), </line>

<line> "body imag*"; S (study), no descripto*. We ch*se *o *earc* fo* "tripartite model" *ince it ** a </line>

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<line> con*olidat** theoretical mo*el *n </line>

<line> th* in*esti*ati*n of *ody image. *nly </line>

<line> *ne search was </line>

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<line> p*rfo*med on each dat*ba*e by using the fo*lowing de*cription: "Mod*l" *ND "body image" </line>

<line> A*D "pregnan*" (pregnanc* or pre*nant); "Model" AND "b*dy image" AND "pregnan*" </line>

<line> **D "Brazi*"; "Trip**tite model" *ND "Pr*gna**" were s*ught witho*t li*it t* period. </line>

<line> Regarding th* f*lte*s, it **s cho*en *o re*trict the s*cti*n "arti**e type*" into "journa* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> artic*es", wi*h**t limit to a speci*** peri*d. All </line>

<line> thes* *tages were </line>

<line> *erformed by </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> res*arche*s i*d*penden*l*. *ny possib*e diverge*ce regardi*g the inclusion </line>

<line> exclus*on </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> of a*ticles wa* *esolv*d b* a third researcher. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *ne do*umen* per database *as *reated from the se*rches performed, c**taining the </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> titles *nd the ab*tract* of all the *eferences that *ere found. The fi**t stage </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *rit*r*a **s th* ide***fication and del*tion of duplicate </line>

<line> artic**s. The other excl*sion criteri* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> were: (a) una*ailabl* abstracts; (b) *rticles that did not seem *ncompass dir**tly the subjects </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> of stu*y of this research; (c) non-us* of </line>

<line> i**trumen*s of psychometric me*surement </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> image; (d) *amples includi*g </line>

<line> on*y pospa*tum women; (e) arti*l* *n other lang*ages besides </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> English, *panish and Portuguese; (f) quantitative, but </line>

<line> not emp*r*cal in design, or *ualitative </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> s**d*es; (*) stud**s confined to studies *f o*esity or adolescents. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> www4.fsanet.com.br/revis*a </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> B*dy Image of Pr*gn*n* Women: A Sy*tematic Revi** of Pre**c*ive Models </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> * RESULTS </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> A total of 135 pap*r* wer* ident**ied. All titles were sent to Mend*ley *nd dup*icat*d </line>

<line> stud**s *ere removed. Studies were screened for *l*gibility *ia the*r *itles an* a*stracts. A*ter </line>

<line> applyin* all exclu*ion requi*ements, 13 articles we*e co****ered eli*ible (Figure 1). </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *eco*ds *dentified through da*abase **arching </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Records after d*plicates removed </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Rec**d* e*cluded </line>

</par>

<par>

</par>

<par>

<line> Full-tex* artic*e* as*e*sed for </line>

<line> F**l-text articles *xc*uded, </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> eli*ibility </line>

<line> with reasons </line>

</par>

<par>

</par>

<par>

<line> qualitative syn*h*sis </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Fig*re 1. Flowchar* *ummari*ing the a***cle screenin* p**ces*. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *ll s*lected articles *re *ummarized i* Table 1. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Rev. FSA, *eresina PI, v. 17, n. 9, art. 2, p. 27-4*, *et. 2020 </line>

<line> *w*4.fs*ne*.com.br/revista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> S. R. Oliveira, P. H. *. Carvalho, R. T. Veiga </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Table 1 - Empi*i*ally test*d predicti*e models </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Refer*nce </line>

<line> Instrum**ts </line>

<line> Other variab*es tested </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Harris, *97*) </line>

<line> Body *ocus Questionnaire (Stomach F*c*s dimension of the Body Focus Question*aire (F*sher, 1970): stom*c* *rea awareness (*g. h*ad-sto**c*, stomach-t*ighs, fee*-stomach). Bo*y Disto**ion *u*stionnaire (F*she*, 19*0): variety of distor**on or unusual ways *f experiencing o*e\s body. Seven *ubscal*s: L*rge; Small; Bo*ndar* Loss; Dirty; Block*d O*enings; Skin; and depersonali*ation. </line>

<line> A*titudes toward Pregnancy, Baby, and Me Need or w*sh *o b* held </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Walker et al., 1999) </line>

<line> Body Cathexis Scale (B*S) (Robinson & *haver, 1**3; Secord & Jourard, 1953): sati*fa*tion with bodi*y *ites, *uc* as hips, an* functi*ns, such as app*t*te. </line>

<line> Health **havi*rs in Early *regnancy P*y*hosoc*al S*ress Social Supp*rt Depress*ve Symptoms *eli*fs About Control of Fetal Health Commitm*nt t* the Pregnancyl Motherhood </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Kamysheva et al., 2*08) </line>

<line> BAQ (Ben-*o*im & Walke*, 1*91): 1) feel*ng fat, 2) attra*tiveness, 3) **rength/f*t*ess, a*d 4) salience o* weight and sh*pe. </line>

<line> Physi*al symptoms Sleep quality D*pression Self-est*em </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (K*zm*erczak & Goodwin, 2011) </line>

<line> *he Body *ma*e Q*es*ionnaire (Mirucka, 2005): four d*m*ns*ons: 1) acc*ptance of one\s body, 2) di*clo*er o* f*minity, 3) expe*ie*ce of int*mate re**tions wi*h *ersons of th* opposite sex, 4) attitu** towards eat*ng and body wei*ht. </line>

<line> Fem*nin* Gender Role Stress Gender *o*e orie*tat*on Self-esteem </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Stunkard Fi*ure Ra**ng S*a** (*ody I*age </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *e*. FSA, T*resina, v. 17, n. 9, art. 2, *. 27-47, s*t. 2020 </line>

<line> www4.fsanet.com.br/revista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> Body Image o* Preg*an* Women: A Systema*ic Revi*w of Pre*ict*ve *odels </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Hetheringt*n, Rudo*f, & Feltbower, 2015a) </line>

<line> Scale): self-perceptio* and satisfaction towards thei* body. **is scale contains nine body sha*es from the slimmest to the largest (Stunkard et al., 19*3; Thompson and *ltabe, *991). *ody I**ge *ist**bance Qu*stionnai*e: levels of disturbance in body image, related to general a*pearance rat**r tha* disfiguremen* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Krisjanous, Richard, & Gazley, 2014) </line>

<line> A*apted **rsion of Di*ietr* et al.\s (**Piet*o, Millet, Costigan, G*rewitsch, & Cau*field, 2003) scale on attitudes ** *regnancy an* *eight gain: dissatisfacti*n *ith ch*nges and *pp*arance of their gravid b*dy. </line>

<line> Pregnant Celerbity Attractio* Usual con*ern f** physical Appea*ance Pregnancy Weight Worry Pre*atal Attac*ment </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Hill, Skouteri*, Fuller- Tyszkie*ic*, *othe, & McPhie, 20*6) </line>

<line> Body Attitudes Ques*ionna*re (BA*; (Ben- To*im & Walker, 1991) four subs*a*es: 1) feeling fat, 2) attr*ctiveness, 3) strength/fitness, *nd *) salience of *eight a*d shape. Pregnancy Fi*ur* *ating Sca*e (P*RS): assesse* body d*ssatisfaction through wo*e*\s p*rceiv*d c*rrent and id*alised scores for **eir *u*ts, pregnan* bel*ies, and butt*cks (Skouteris et al., 20*5): pr*gnancy figur* ratin* - b*st pregnancy figure r*tin* - belly pregnancy figure ratin* - butt*ck* </line>

<line> GWG Self-*steem Mater*al depressive *ym*tom* Maternal a*xi*t* and s*ress Past psychicatric hist*ry *now*edge *f *WG Soci*l support Ma*ital/rela*ionship *u*lity C opi n* * ki l l s Self-eff*cacy Motivation Ph*sical acti*ity **d eating behaviours </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Body Imag* i* Pr*gnancy *c*le 7 *imensions): 1) pre*ccupation with physical appearance, 2) *iss*tisfaction with stren***-rel*ted a*pects of </line>

<line> Self-es*e*m D*pressive symptoms </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Rev. FSA, Teresina PI, v. 17, n. 9, a*t. *, p. 27-47, set. 2020 </line>

<line> www4.fsanet.c*m.br/revista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> *. R. Oli*eir*, P. H. B. Carvalho, R. T. Veiga </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> o*e\s bod*, 3) dis*atisfac*ion wi*h complexi*n, F4 = **xual *ttract*v*ne*s, *) prior*tiza*ion o* appearance over funct**n, 6) app*a*ance- related *ehavior*l avoidance, *) dissatisf*ction with body parts. Body *ttitud*s Qu*stionna*re- Sho*t F*rm (BAQ; Ben-*ovim & Walker, 199*) </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Collings et al., 2018) </line>

<line> Bo*y Att*tudes Q*estionnaire (Be*-Tovim & Walker, 1991): 1) feeli*g fat, 2) a**ract*ven*ss, 3) strength/fit**ss, and 4) salience of weight and s*ape. </line>

<line> Po*t*artum Weight retention (**WR) Psycholog*cal distress Maternal physiological and p*ysical wei**t factors Pre-p*eg**ncy BMI Gestatio*al weight gain *l*ep *ua**ty *ocia* sup*ort *elf-est*em Ma**rnal depr*s*iv* symptoms Mate*na* anx*ety and stres* Past psychicatric histo*y Knowledge *f GWG S*cial suppor* M*rital/r*lationship quali*y * opi ng s ki l l s Self-ef*i*acy Mot*vation Ph*sical act*vity **d ea*in* beh*v**urs </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Fawcett, 1977) </line>

<line> T*pographic device, *o measure per*eived b*dy space; an* * figure drawing test, to mea*ure a*ticu*ation *f bod* concept. </line>

<line> Strength o* i*entificatio* *rticulati*n o* body concept </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> www4.fsanet.*om.br/revista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> *ody Im*g* o* Pregnant Women: * Sys**ma*ic Review of Predictive Models </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Muller (1993 ) </line>

<line> Mate*nal Adjustment **d Mate*nal Attitud* Sc*le (MAMA, Kumar, R*bson, *nd Smit*, 1984) (subscales: 1) *od* image, 2) Somati* Symp**ms, 3) *arital R*lations, 4) *ttit**es t* sex, and 5) Attitu*es to the Pregn**cy and baby *o measure pregnancy adaptati*n </line>

<line> Pren*ta* Atta*hment Conc*rre*t validity o* the PA I Mari*al satisfaction </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (C*ark, Skou*eris, W*rt**im, Paxton, & Milgro*, 20**) </line>

<line> Four *ubscales from **e Body Attitu*es Questionnaire (BAQ; *en-Tov*m and Wal*er (Ben-Tovim & *alker, 199*)) at five ti*e points, bei*gs 2 p*eg*ancy *imes . 1) f*eli** fat, *) a*tr*ctivenes*, 3) st*ength/fitnes*, and 4) salience of weight and shape. </line>

<line> Depres*ion </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (H*rtley et al., 2016) </line>

<line> Body Attitude* Que***onnaire (BAQ; B*n-Tovim and Walker (Ben-Tovim & Walker, 1991)): three subscales rel*vant to preg*ancy: *) feel*n* fa*, 2) attractiven*ss, 3) streng*h/fitn**s </line>

<line> Anxi*ty and *tres* (Psychological distress) D*pres*ive symp**ms (Psychological dis*ress) *elf-esteem *el*-efficacy Gestationa* weight gain (G*G) </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> 4.1 Model* a*d nomological net </line>

<line> Spe*ific*lly related *o the objecti** of analyzing the predicti** mod*ls involvi*g bo*y </line>

<line> image i* pregnant w*men some model* w*re disc*ss*d. </line>

<line> Fawcett (1977) *res*nt* a* at*empt to der*ve a theor*ti*al m*del fr*m a* a*stract </line>

<line> conceptual framework of nurs*ng **ich *a* based on the conc*ptual fra*ework o* the family </line>

<line> as a living open system (Fawcett, 19*5). Unlike what was br*ught up in other re*earches, </line>

<line> Fa*c*tt (1*7*) considers the s**ce m*tt*r. Co*ponents of th* bod* image a** relate* *o *he </line>

<line> amount of perceived space that a individual occup**s and the wa* in wh*ch the r*lationship </line>

<line> be*ween indi*id*al b**y bounda*ies and t** environment is perceived by *im (Fawcett, 1975, </line>

<line> 19*7; Fisher, 1970). </line>

<line> Rev. FSA, *ere*i*a PI, v. 17, n. *, art. 2, p. 27-47, set. 2020 www4.fsane*.*o*.br/rev*sta </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> S. *. *liveira, P. *. B. Car*alho, R. T. Veiga </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> ***y i*age is a *ic*ure of *wn body formed *n own **nd, or is t*e way in which </line>

<line> t*e bo** app*a*s to *urselves (Schilder, 1950), develops *hro*gh *he *ontinu**g **t*raction </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> between *he body and its en*i***m*n* (Fawcet*, 1977). Th*refore, it consider* that </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> expe*ie*ce of pregnancy is </line>

<line> not limited to *he woman. In light of t*is, his model Faw*e*t i* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (Fawcett, 1977) *roposed analyzin* the variabl*s in sp*use\s patt**ns of change in *e*ceiv*d </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> bo*y space, ide**i*ication bet*een spouse* (str*n*th *f </line>

<line> identif**ation) a*d </line>

<line> articu*at*on of </line>

</par>

<par>

</par>

<par>

<line> Fawc*tt\s *ode* (Fawcett, *977), though well reasoned, *as not resp*nsive for the </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *re*nant au*ience. The </line>

<line> patt*rn of c*ange i* pe*ce*ved bo*y space w** differe*t for each </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> sp*use. Also, examination of *po*ses\ stre*gth of *denti*ica*ion score* for *he first </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> co*lect*o* per*o* *ug*este* t** sam*le could b* *iv*ded into three group*. F*nally, th**e was </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> n* evide**e of </line>

<line> pattern of chan*e in articu*ation of bo*y concept for ei*her **ves or </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> husbands, whether taken </line>

<line> or when seg*egate* into the *hree streng*h of </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> identification grou** i*to which t*e sample was d*vided. Fawcett'* previ*us hypotheses were </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> n*t suppo*t*d. </line>

<line> In *his way, differently fro* wha* was e*pected, s*nce p*egn*ncy i* a time of </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> profoun* change to the </line>

<line> b*dy, th* theoretical *o*el </line>

<line> p*oposed did no* co*firm what would </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *ccur i* *n **teration in the rel*tionship between *n ind*vidu*l\s body and the environ*ent, a* </line>

<line> measured by the articu*ation of body con*e*t that woul* occ*r (Fawc*tt, 1*77). </line>

<line> The mo*el propos*d by Kamysheva et a*. (2008), were focused in und*rsta*ding the </line>

<line> negativ* aspect of the body im*ge, based on T*o*pson et *l. (199*). Thus, aut*ors pr*posed </line>

<line> a multi-*actori*l model t*at covers bio-psyc*o-soc*al and *hysical element* (Thompson et al., </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> **99). The authors </line>

<line> col*ected data </line>

<line> that measur*d </line>

<line> bod* att*tudes before pregnancy and thus </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> could evaluate the time before an* during *regnanc*. I* other words, data analys*s t*ok unde* </line>

<line> consid*ratio* t*e pre-pr**nancy (retros*ectively *e*orted) bo*y image. The pro*osed model </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> sought to re**h </line>

<line> a*so*iations among **ese physical, p*ycholo*ica* and phy*iological </line>

<line> factors, </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> adher*ng t* a mul*i-*acto*i*l a*proach to body i*age. All of this was based i* *in*ings of pa*t </line>

<line> stud*es e*amining assoc*ation* among t*e fa*tors *epression a*d s*eep quali*y (J*meen & </line>

<line> Mar*in, 2007), p*ysica* sym*toms and dep*ess*on or *e*f-esteem (Chou, Lin, Cooney, Walker, </line>

<line> & *iggs, 2003), or depressi*n an* the four diffe*ent body attitudes outlin*d a*ove (Skouteris, </line>

<line> Carr, We*theim, Paxton, & Dunco*be, 2005). </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> A series of </line>

<line> *i*rarchical mu*ti*le </line>

<line> regressio* an*lyses were co*d*ct*d to </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> pat* anal*sis model of </line>

<line> predictors of bod* at*itudes. Th*y p*oposed that physic** *y**toms </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *o*ld be re*at*d to bo*y att*tudes and tha* *ep*es**on, *leep quality *nd se*f-e*teem w*uld be </line>

<line> associated wi*h feeling *at, less attrac*ive, and less stron* and fit, a*d wi*h gr*ater salience of </line>

<line> Rev. FSA, Teresina, v. 17, n. *, art. 2, p. 27-47, set. 2020 www4.fsanet.c*m.br/r*v*sta </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> Body Ima*e of Pre*nant W*men: A *ystematic **view of Predictive Mo*els </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> weight a*d shape. F*thermore, they prop*sed that depressive symptom* and lowe* s*l*- </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> esteem wou*d be *inke* to negative </line>

<line> *ody attit*d*s either directly *r via a path th*t link* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> depression to s*lf-est*em *n* th*n se**-e**eem to body atti*udes. Also, pregn*ncy-rel*ted </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> phys*c** symptoms may be mediated *y </line>

<line> well-being (depression *nd sel*-es*eem) </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> dimensions of body image. Sleep quality has also bee* a*sociated *ith *epr*ssive *y*pt*ms. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Henc*, a path from physical sym*tom* to sl**p quality a*d the* </line>

<line> b*dy a*titudes via </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> de*ression was also pr*p*sed. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> The results presented d*fferent rel*tionshi*s **om tho*e ini*ially </line>

<line> proposed (see </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> (*amys**va et al., 2***) and pointed *ut t*at more nega*ive physical sympt*ms having paths </line>

<line> to poorer *uality of sleep and *e*ression; and poorer sleep *aving a path to d*pres*ion, *hich </line>

<line> in *urn had a path to *elf-esteem. The authors con**u*e* t*at depressi*n, sel*-**teem *nd the </line>

<line> bo*y mass i*dex co*ld un*eash *e*ati*e bo*y attitudes in pregnant women. Self-**teem </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> mediated the relati**ships between depression/sleep </line>

<line> quality and three of the </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> variables, with lower self-est*em associat*d wit* feeli*g f**ter and *ess attr*cti*e an* with </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> great*r s*lience of </line>

<line> shap* *nd weight. Given *hat reported pre-pregnancy body *mage was </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> c*ntrolled, the findings *uppo*t * **nceptualization o* these as*ects of b*dy image r*fl*cting </line>

<line> an *ndiv*dual\s general s*lf-esteem level; which ma* be inf*uenced *y o*e\s *urren* stat* of </line>

<line> wel*-being (depressio* and sleep d*f*iculties). </line>

<line> Kamyshev* *t al. (2008) report that there is no assoc**tio* between ph*si**l </line>

<line> symptoms in *regnan** and feeling fat or unattra*t**e. The auth*rs point o*t that the r*s*lts </line>

<line> from Chou and colleagues\ (2003) show*d no association between *hysi*al sympt*** and t*e </line>

<line> total Body Cathexis Scale (B*S) scor* (Secord & Jourard, 1953). Body dissatisf*ction levels </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> related *o feelin* *at and unattractive </line>

<line> (*s well as sa*ie*ce of shape and weight) appear to be </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> fair*y **silient *o effec*s ** pre*nancy symp*oms. H*wever, Kamysheva et al. (2008) co*sider </line>

<line> th*ms**ve* to hav* expanded on past research by *ncluding f**r s*parate d*mensions of bo*y </line>

<line> imag*, en*bling a di*e*t associa*i*n *etween gre*ter physical symptoms **d le*ser perceived </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> strength *nd *itness to e**r*e, a </line>

<line> *a*e been masked by use of </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *omposite b*dy d*s*atisfact*on sc*re in Chou et *l.\s study (2*03). </line>

<line> For Walke* et *l. (1999) until then there was n* predict**e models of hea*t* behaviors </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> in early pre*nancy, an* *o, authors </line>

<line> used r*gressions to explore sets of </line>

<line> psych*social </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> demog**phic var*ables t* pred*c**d healthcare beh*vior*. Str*ss a*d related va*i*b*es such as </line>

<line> depressi*n and s**i*l support have shown to be associated with women\s he*lth behavi*rs a* </line>

<line> various times d*r*ng p**gn*n*y. Body *mage is considered to be a p*ychosocial variable and </line>

<line> psych*socia* variable* a** p*ed*c*o*s of health behaviors (Se**-Car* Inven*ory - SCI), b*t, in </line>

<line> Rev. FSA, *eresin* PI, v. 17, *. 9, art. 2, p. 27-47, se*. 2020 www4.fsanet.com.br/re*ista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> S. R. O*iveir*, P. H. B. Carvalho, R. T. Ve*ga </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> an explo*atory *e*ressi*n an***sis, body image *id not count *s a predict*r of health </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> behavior*. While lo*er socia* support, </line>

<line> higher le*els of depressive sympt*ms, a*d lower </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> inter*al lo*us of cont*ol *or *et*l health were related to les* favora*le overall *ealth be*avior </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> sympt*ms and lower *nternal </line>

<line> locus </line>

<line> of contr*l for fetal heal*h wer* related to *ess favorabl* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> overa*l hea*th behavio** in ear*y pregnanc*. Commitm*nt ** the pre*nancy/mo*herhood a*d </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> body image sho**d low </line>

<line> and nonsignifi**nt correlations with health beh*vior* in earl* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> pregnan*y. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> In reg*rd* *o the o*her found mod*l*, th* st**istical models that w*re *ested (vi* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> modelin* </line>

<line> of struct*ral equat*ons </line>

<line> or regression methods), it was observed *hat the m**e </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> frequently used *ar*ables were *elf-este*m, depre*sion *nd gestational *eig**. Self-*ste*m </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> 2018; Hartley et a*., *016; Hill et al., 2016; Kamy*heva et al., </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> 2*11; Shloim, Hetherington, Ru**lf, & Feltbower, 201*; Wat*on </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> e* al., 2*17); variables related to depression: *epressive **mptoms (Coll*ngs et **., 20*8; H**, </line>

<line> *rewis, & Wuti*h, 20*6; Hartley et al., 2016; *i*l et al., 2016; Walker et **., 199*; Wats** et </line>

<line> al., 2*17), or de*r*ssion (Clark, Skouteris, Wert**im, P*xton, & Milgrom, 2009; Kamysheva </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> et al., 2**8); v*ri*bles r*late* t* ge**ational w*ig*t: we*ght ga*n (C*llings et </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Ha*tley *t al., 2016), Pregn**cy Weight *orry (Krisj*nous et al., 2*14), Weight cha*ge (Han </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> 2016), Postpa*tu* Wei*ht retention (outcome v*riable), Mate**al physiologi*** and </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> physical weigh* factors (*ollings et al., 2**8). </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> 5 DISCUS*I*N </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *n *he pres*n* study, t*r*e mode*s sto*d out for </line>

<line> approach*ng a* *ttemp* to analyze </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> m*re robust theoretical model i*volving body image and t*e p*egnant public. Fawce*t (1977) </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> d*monstrat*d th*t that b*dy image appe*red *o be r**a*ively </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> st*ble *urin* pregnancy. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Thu*, Fawcett\s model (1977), though w*ll r*ason*d, was no* responsive for </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> pregna*t audi*nce. Kamysh*va et al\s mo**l (2*0*) shed* light on t*e *ode* of bo*y image </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> t* b* propo*ed </line>

<line> t* the pregnant audience *nd also r*commends further e*ploratio* a*out </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> sociocultur** inf*uen*es to bette* exp*ain bo*y dissatisfacti*n (Kamysheva et al., 2008). </line>

<line> Regardin* sociocultural in*luences, Lovering et al. (2018), based on the sociocul*ural </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> image and *at*ng concerns, test fa*tors </line>

<line> i*fluence body dissatis**ctio* in </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> postpartum w*men. Their stud* t*sted an *daptation of the T*ipa*tite Influence Mo*el </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> et al., 1999). Lovering et al. (2018) ad*ed partner in***ence and c*nsi*er </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Rev. FSA, Te*esina, v. 17, n. 9, art. 2, p. 27-*7, **t. 2020 </line>

<line> w*w4.fsa**t.com.br/r*vista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> Bod* Imag* *f Pr*gnant Wom*n: A **stematic Review of Pr*dict*ve Models </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> sociocul*ural pre*sures w*ich *ften result in body </line>

<line> d**sa*isfaction, anxiety, depression, and </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> body related distress (Skoute*is et al., 2005), wi*h the addition of drive *or muscula*ity. </line>

<line> Fawcett (197*), as w*ll *s Harris (197*), based on Fisher (1970) to explain the </line>

<line> concept and *awcett (1977) also in Schilder (1950). A**ording to Cash **d Sm**ak (*011), </line>

<line> his*orically, Seymor *is*er is **e o* the most im*ortant b**y ima*e sc*o*a*s (Ca*h, 2*11). </line>

<line> Acc*rd*n* to Bai*ey et al. (2017), Shontz was the first t* regard the b*dy expe*ience </line>

<line> as mul*idimensi*nal. He emphasized the use of d*ff*rents scienti*ic m*tho*s, *nt**rated th*or* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> and data a*out cog*itive an* perceptual, e*couragi*g </line>

<line> an inte*r*tion of theor*tical </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> developm*nts, es**cially Ges*alt psy*hology, and cognitive theo*y (*a*ley et a*., 2017; Cash, </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *011). It is observed t**t e*en tho*gh </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> conc*pt was alrea*y be**g built since the b*ginning of th* past *ent**y. </line>

<line> According *o Cash (20*1) *od* image pr*se*t* divers* and wide-*anging *ers*ective*, </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> such as sociocultural, evolution*ry, g*netic and n*uros*ie*t*c, cogni*i*e-b*havi*ral, </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> feminist (objectification theory) viewpoints, also positiv* p*ychol*gy about *ody image. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Th*refore, b*ing relevant </line>

<line> the theoretical **del to f*ndamen* the conduc*** s*udies (C*sh, </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> Among th* models te*ted using body image, s*me variab*e* were very frequent in the </line>

<line> *tudy with p*egna*t women, such as self-estee*, depr*ssi*n a*d gestational weight. </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> According to Skoute*is (2011), w**n c*nsider body imag* issue* in obstetr*cs </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> *y*ecology, body image *ssue* impact </line>

<line> *n women\s </line>

<line> healt* *nd w*ll-*ein*. In an </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> i*tegr*ti*e re*isio* of literature about b**y image and satisfact*on in p*egna*t women, </line>

<line> Mei**les et al. (*015) *l** foun* that the r*s*a**hes ha*e bee* *nte*est*d in the study of t*e </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> relatio* betwee* w*ight ga*n an* body dis*a*isfaction, b**ng able to *e*p i* red*cing </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> health problems </line>

<line> rel*t*d t* pr*gnanc*. Further*ore, *eireles et al. (201*) identif*ed that t*e </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> researcher* have *ee* studying </line>

<line> rel*tion between depr**siv* symptoms with body </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> dissati*fa**ion, a*d it is relevant to point o*t th** these psychologi*al factors are im*ortant to </line>

<line> impr*ve women\s p*egnan*ies an* *heir psyc*ological healt* pos*-partum. Fi*all*, *ow s**f- </line>

<line> esteem has been a*sociat*d wi*h a negat*ve bod* i*age (Mei****s et al., 2015). </line>

<line> 6 FI*AL CONSI*ERAT*O*S </line>

<line> Many t**oreti*al studi*s and models applied instruments develop*d and ad*pte* fr** </line>

<line> o*her populations. It *s *orth noting that in the field of body image, specific measures for the </line>

<line> Rev. FSA, Teresina PI, v. 17, n. 9, art. 2, p. 27-47, se*. 2020 ww*4.*sanet.com.br/revista </line>

</par>

</page>

<page>

<par>

<line> S. R. O*iveira, P. H. B. Ca*val**, R. *. Veiga </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> In *ome *ases, dimensi**s of b*d* image were direc**y *n* excl*sively related to *he </line>

<line> phy*ical changes *f pr*gnancy (H*rris, 19*9), or (dis)sat*sfacti*n with bo*ily sites (Walker et </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> al., 1999). And *ore r*cently, dimen*i**s </line>

<line> have *learly involved *spects such a* </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> behaviors, the feelin*s, an* potential shift* in f*cu* from the *mportance of ae*thetic as*ec*s </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> t* co*si*erations of physical f*nct*onin* (Clark e* a*., 2009; Hartley et al., </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> 2016; Kam*sheva et *l., 2*08; Wa*s*n et al., 2017). Give* the compl*xity of the con*truc*, </line>

<line> other studies have u*ed more than on* measure to m*asure b*dy image (Hill et a*., 2016). </line>

<line> Th*re ar* several *im*tati*ns to this wor*. **is study con*idere* merely *mpirical </line>

<line> s*udies and construct "*ody i*age" i**ert in a mo*el (st*tistical or theoretica* att*mpt). The </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> pr*s*nt stu*y wa* b*se* on som* databases, which *o*ers </line>

<line> mainly articl*s in jo*rnals falling </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> under rat*er e*clusive c*iteri*. Furthe*more, clini*al </line>

<line> studie*, just with *linical and </line>

</par>

<par>

<line> a*thropometric measurement* were not *on*idered. Futur* research may i*vestigate the </line>

<line> relationship between body perce*tion and consumption inte*tions to enhance or recon*truct </line>

<line> the body itself dur*ng ou after pre*n*ncy. </line>

<line> REFEREN*E* </line>

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<line> C*ntrib*ição dos Autores </line>

<line> R. T. Veiga </line>

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<line> 1) *oncepção e pla**jamento. </line>

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<par>

<line> 2) análise * interpretação dos dados. </line>

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<line> 3) elaboraç*o do ras*unho ou na revisão c*íti*a do cont*údo. </line>

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<line> 4) particip*ção na *provação *a versão fi*a* do manu*c*ito. </line>

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<line> Rev. FSA, Teresina PI, v. *7, *. 9, art. 2, p. 27-47, s*t. 2020 </line>

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</document>

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