Crescimento Econômico e Gastos Públicos na Região Sul / Economic Growth and Public Spending in Southern Brazil
Resumo
Este trabalho investiga a influência dos gastos públicos no crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios da região Sul do Brasil. Estudos indicam que despesas em saúde, saneamento básico, educação, urbanismo, habitação e assistência social tendem a estar associadas ao crescimento econômico. A análise abrange 1.184 municípios da região Sul, utilizando regressão com dados em painel no período de 2005 a 2016. Os resultados mostram que esses gastos, em geral, têm efeitos negativos sobre o crescimento econômico, variando conforme o tamanho populacional. Municípios com até 20 mil habitantes sofrem mais com esses impactos, exceto no caso de educação, cujos efeitos são mais evidentes em municípios maiores. No desenvolvimento econômico, apenas os gastos com assistência social demonstram um impacto positivo em municípios menores. Este estudo preenche uma lacuna na literatura ao tratar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento econômico de forma abrangente nos municípios da região Sul, identificando como as despesas públicas os afetam. Além disso, destaca a importância de considerar o porte municipal ao alocar o orçamento, fornecendo subsídios para políticas públicas que visam ao desenvolvimento econômico sustentável e incentivando a população a pressionar por mudanças a longo prazo.
Palavras-chave: Crescimento Econômico. IFDM. Gastos Públicos. Região Sul.
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the influence of public spending on the economic growth and development of municipalities in the Southern region of Brazil. Previous research suggests that expenditures on health, basic sanitation, education, urbanism, housing, and social assistance tend to be associated with economic growth. The analysis includes 1,184 municipalities from Southern Brazil, using panel data regression for the period from 2005 to 2016. The results show that these expenditures generally have negative effects on economic growth, varying according to population size. Municipalities with up to 20,000 inhabitants experience the most negative impacts, except for education spending, which has more significant effects in larger municipalities. In terms of economic development, only social assistance spending shows positive effects in smaller municipalities. This study fills a gap in the literature by comprehensively addressing both economic growth and development in the Southern region's municipalities and identifying how public expenditures influence these aspects. Moreover, it highlights the importance of considering municipality size when allocating budgets, providing valuable insights for policy discussions and decisions aimed at promoting long-term economic development, while encouraging citizens to advocate for impactful policies.
Keywords: Economic Growth. IFDM. Public Expenditures. Southern Region.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/2024.21.12.6
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