Gestão do Voluntário: Que Perspectiva Adotar, Universal ou Condicional? / Volunteer Management: What Perspective to Adopt, Universal or Conditional?
Abstract
A literatura revela a existência da abordagem universal e condicional para a gestão da mão de obra voluntária. A fim de examinar com maior profundidade empírica as constatações da literatura, este trabalho tem como objetivo central contribuir com o debate de qual abordagem adotar na gestão do voluntariado, a partir de fatores contextuais identificados como relevantes. Optou-se pelo estudo de casos múltiplos, com 18 organizações sociais que utilizam voluntários. A análise dos resultados revelou quatro fatores contextuais no engajamento do voluntário, são eles: nível de dependência, papel desempenhado, frequência da atividade realizada pelo voluntário e nível de conhecimento específico necessário para realizar a atividade voluntária. Conclui-se que a perspectiva universal deve ser adotada quando as características dos fatores contextuais geram alto impacto negativo da falta ou desistência. Já a condicional deve ser aplicada quando as características dos fatores contextuais geram baixo ou médio impacto negativo da falta ou desistência do voluntário. Espera-se assistir os gestores das organizações sociais na análise de fatores contextuais e seus impactos, para apoiar a tomada de decisão quanto à abordagem a ser adotada na gestão do voluntariado.
Palavras-chave: Gestão do Voluntariado. Voluntário. Abordagem Universal. Abordagem Condicional.
ABSTRACT
There are two approaches to volunteer management that can be find in the literature: universal and conditional. The study presented in this paper aims to contribute to the debate about which approach to adopt, based on contextual factors identified as relevant. The findings of the literature were examined and tested through the study of multiple cases, with 18 social organizations, all of them using volunteers. The analysis of the results revealed four contextual factors for volunteer's engagement: the level of dependence, the role of volunteers, the frequency of the activity performed by the volunteer, and the level of the specific knowledge required to perform the volunteer activity. One can conclude, based on the study of the cases, that the universal approach must be adopted when the impact of the volunteer’s absence is high as a consequence of the contextual factors characteristics. On the other hand, the conditional approach must be applied when the impact is low. We hope this study can provide useful insights for social organizations’ managers about the impact analysis of the contextual factors, supporting them in the decision making process regarding the approach to be adopted in the volunteer management.
Keywords: Volunteer Management. Volunteer. Universal Approach. Conditional Approach.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/2019.16.6.1
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