Impressão 3D: Análise da Evolução e Seus Impactos no Mundo Científico / 3D Printing: Analysis of the Evolution and Its Impacts on the Scientific Field
Abstract
Que as impressoras 3D são uma realidade todos sabemos. Mas como foi o início de todo esse processo? Com preços cada vez mais acessíveis e a possibilidade de impressão sem limites a partir da nossa imaginação, as impressoras 3D invadiram o mercado. Usadas para prototipar invenções ou fabricar produtos, para pesquisas científicas de ponta ou dentro de nossas casas, não se questiona mais seu potencial. Assim, este artigo objetiva descrever e analisar os principais métodos de impressão 3D no que tange a vantagens, desvantagens, materiais, aplicações e número de artigos publicados, e pesquisar os marcos históricos da impressão 3D desde a sua criação. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos principais periódicos da área e tabulou-se a quantidade de publicações científicas na base de dados Scopus. Os resultados apontam para o marco inicial em 1984 com a estereolitografia (SLA), inventada por Charles W. Hull. Em seguida surgiram a FDM e SLS em 1989, DMLS em 1994 e polyjet, em 2001. Os métodos de impressão 3D são utilizados nas mais variadas aplicações, com destaque para a área biomédica e fabricação de protótipos. A manufatura aditiva é objeto de diversas pesquisas científicas no mundo todo, o que indica a existência de um vasto campo de pesquisa a ser desenvolvido e, consequentemente, um número ainda maior de aplicações a ser descoberto. Mudanças expressivas ocorrerão nos próximos anos, podendo impactar desde a forma pela qual produtos são desenvolvidos até o modo pelo qual implantes são construídos e inseridos em seres humanos.
Palavras-chave: Impressão 3D. Marcos históricos. Vantagens e Desvantagens. Aplicações.
ABSTRACT
It is already known that the 3D printers are a reality. Nevertheless, how was the beginning of this process? With increasingly affordable prices and the possibility of a limitless printing based on our imagination, the 3D printers invaded the market. Used to prototype inventions or to manufacture products, for cutting-edge scientific research or inside our houses, the potential of 3D printers has not been questioned anymore. Hence, this article aims at describing and analyzing the main 3D-printing methods with regards to its advantages, disadvantages, materials, applications and number of papers published, and to research the historical milestones of 3D printing since its creation. In order to do so, a bibliographic research was carried out in the main journals of the area and the quantity of scientific publications of the database Scopus was tabulated. The results indicate that the initial milestone took place in 1984 with the stereolithography (SLA), invented by Charles W. Hull. Subsequently, the FDM and the SLS were invented in 1989; DMLS in 1994 and polyjet, in 2001. The 3D printing methods are used in the most diverse applications, with emphasis on the biomedical and prototype creation areas. The additive manufacturing is the study object of several scientific researches around the world, which demonstrates the existence of a vast research field to be developed, and therefore an even greater number of applications to be discovered. Significant changes will happen over the next years, whose outcomes will affect from the way products are developed to the way in which implants are built and inserted in human beings.
Keywords: 3D Printing. Historical Milestones. Advantages and Disadvantages. Applications.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12819/2021.18.11.6
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